Europe · Western Europe
Netherlands
Kingdom of the Netherlands · World’s #18 economy
- Nominal GDP 2025
- $1.33 trillion
- Population 2025
- 18.1 million
- GDP per capita
- $73,684
- GDP growth 2025
- 1.8%
Overview
Map
Demographics
Age structure (2025)
Macroeconomy
Netherlands ranks #18 in the world by nominal GDP (2025). Full ranking →
Business environment & logistics (micro)
The Logistics Performance Index (LPI) and import clearance time are published by the World Bank per survey round; total tax rate comes from the discontinued Doing Business data (2020).
Provinces, states & regions (18)
Country: 3 · Special municipality: 3 · Province: 12
- Aruba NL-AW
- Bonaire NL-BQ1
- Curaçao NL-CW
- Drenthe NL-DR
- Flevoland NL-FL
- Fryslân NL-FR
- Gelderland NL-GE
- Groningen NL-GR
- Limburg NL-LI
- Noord-Brabant NL-NB
- Noord-Holland NL-NH
- Overijssel NL-OV
- Saba NL-BQ2
- Sint Eustatius NL-BQ3
- Sint Maarten NL-SX
- Utrecht NL-UT
- Zeeland NL-ZE
- Zuid-Holland NL-ZH
Source: ISO 3166-2 (Debian iso-codes)
Seaports & logistics
| Port | Harbour size | Harbour type | Cargo pier depth | TEU |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rotterdam NLRTM | Large | river (basins) | 11.0 m | 13.82 m TEU |
| Amsterdam NLAMS | Large | canal or lake | 12.5 m | — |
| Europoort NLEUR | Medium | canal or lake | 20.1 m | — |
| Vlissingen NLVLI | Medium | river (natural) | 12.5 m | — |
| Dordrecht NLDOR | Medium | river (natural) | 9.4 m | — |
| Terneuzen NLTNZ | Medium | river (tide gates) | 9.4 m | — |
| Ijmuiden NLIJM | Small | coastal (tide gates) | 14.0 m | — |
| Eemshaven NLEEM | Small | river (basins) | 11.0 m | — |
| Den Helder NLDHR | Small | river (basins) | 7.9 m | — |
| Zaandam NLZAA | Small | canal or lake | 7.9 m | — |
| Delfzijl NLDZL | Small | coastal (tide gates) | 6.4 m | — |
| Hoek Van Holland NLHVH | Very small | river (basins) | 17.1 m | — |
18 ports of this country in the World Port Index, ranked by scale (container throughput, harbour size, depth).
FTAs & trade blocs
Vietnam and Netherlands share 1 FTA(s) – goods meeting the rules of origin enjoy preferential duties:
Bloc membership
Membership compiled as of October 2026 (full members); check each bloc’s official site for legal precision.
Trade agreements in force (59)
Netherlands is party to 59 regional/bilateral trade agreements in force (per the WTO). Agreements with a “Preferential rates” button are FTAs that Vietnam is also party to.
| Agreement | Type / coverage | In force | Partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| EU - Chile | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Feb 2025 |           +17 |
| EU - Kenya | FTA Goods |
1 Jul 2024 |  +17 |
| EU - New Zealand | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 May 2024 |  +17 |
| EU - United Kingdom | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jan 2021 |  +17 |
| EU - Viet Nam Preferential rates | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Aug 2020 |  +17 |
| EU - Pacific States - Accession of Solomon Islands | FTA Goods |
17 May 2020 |    +19 |
| EU - Singapore | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
21 Nov 2019 |  +17 |
| EU - Eastern and Southern Africa States - Accession of Comoros | FTA Goods |
7 Feb 2019 |      +21 |
| EU - Japan | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Feb 2019 |  +17 |
| EU - Pacific States - Accession of Samoa | FTA Goods |
31 Dec 2018 |  +19 |
| EU - Armenia | EIA Services |
1 Jun 2018 |  +17 |
| EU - Canada | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
21 Sep 2017 |  +17 |
| EU - Colombia and Peru - Accession of Ecuador | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jan 2017 |    +19 |
| EU - Ghana | FTA Goods |
15 Dec 2016 |  +17 |
| EU - SADC | FTA Goods |
10 Oct 2016 |       +22 |
| EU - Côte d'Ivoire | FTA Goods |
3 Sep 2016 |  +17 |
| EU - Georgia | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Sep 2014 |  +17 |
| EU - Moldova, Republic of | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Sep 2014 |  +17 |
| EU - Cameroon | FTA Goods |
4 Aug 2014 |  +17 |
| EU - Ukraine | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
23 Apr 2014 |  +17 |
| EU - Central America | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Aug 2013 |       +22 |
| EU (28) Enlargement | CU & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jul 2013 |  +16 |
| EU - Colombia, Ecuador and Peru | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Mar 2013 | +19 |
| EU - Eastern and Southern Africa States | FTA Goods |
14 May 2012 | +21 |
| EU - Korea, Republic of | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jul 2011 |  +17 |
| EU - Serbia | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Feb 2010 |  +17 |
| EU - Pacific States | FTA Goods |
20 Dec 2009 | +20 |
| EU - CARIFORUM States In force for some parties | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
29 Dec 2008 |           +31 |
| EU - Bosnia and Herzegovina | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jul 2008 |  +17 |
| EU - Montenegro | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jan 2008 |  +17 |
| EC (27) Enlargement | CU & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jan 2007 |  +15 |
| EU - Albania | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Dec 2006 |  +17 |
| EU - Algeria | FTA Goods |
1 Sep 2005 |  +17 |
| EU - Egypt | FTA Goods |
1 Jun 2004 |  +17 |
| EC (25) Enlargement | CU & EIA Goods & Services |
1 May 2004 |  +13 |
| EU - Lebanon | FTA Goods |
1 Mar 2003 |  +17 |
| EU - Jordan | FTA Goods |
1 May 2002 |  +17 |
| EU - San Marino | CU Goods |
1 Apr 2002 |  +17 |
| EU - North Macedonia | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jun 2001 |  +17 |
| EU - Mexico | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jul 2000 |  +17 |
| EU - Israel | FTA Goods |
1 Jun 2000 |  +17 |
| EU - Morocco | FTA Goods |
1 Mar 2000 |  +17 |
| EU - South Africa | FTA Goods |
1 Jan 2000 | +17 |
| EU - Tunisia | FTA Goods |
1 Mar 1998 |  +17 |
| EU - Palestine | FTA Goods |
1 Jul 1997 |  +17 |
| EU - Faroe Islands | FTA Goods |
1 Jan 1997 |  +17 |
| EU - Türkiye | CU Goods |
1 Jan 1996 |  +17 |
| EC (15) Enlargement | CU & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jan 1995 |    +3 |
| European Economic Area (EEA) | EIA Services |
1 Jan 1994 |    +19 |
| EU - Andorra | CU Goods |
1 Jul 1991 |  +17 |
| EC (12) Enlargement | CU Goods |
1 Jan 1986 |   |
| EC (10) Enlargement | CU Goods |
1 Jan 1981 | |
| EU - Syrian Arab Republic | FTA Goods |
1 Jul 1977 |  +17 |
| EU - Norway | FTA Goods |
1 Jul 1973 | +17 |
| EU - Iceland | FTA Goods |
1 Apr 1973 | +17 |
| EC (9) Enlargement | CU Goods |
1 Jan 1973 | |
| EU - Switzerland - Liechtenstein | FTA Goods |
1 Jan 1973 |  +18 |
| EU – Overseas Countries and Territories (OCT) | FTA Goods |
1 Jan 1971 |      GS TF  +37 |
| EU Treaty | CU & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jan 1958 | +16 |
Source: WTO Regional Trade Agreements Database (retrieved 14 Oct 2026) plus additional agreements maintained by the administrator. Lists agreements notified to the WTO and in force.
Import regulations
- Customs union: common tariff (TARIC); Vietnamese goods get EVFTA preferences with valid proof of origin (REX / EUR.1).
- CBAM: definitive period from 1 Jan 2026 for iron and steel (chapter 72, headings 7301–7311, 7318, 7326), aluminium, cement, fertilisers, electricity, hydrogen – importers must be authorised CBAM declarants and report embedded emissions; Vietnamese producers should supply actual emission data.
- Structural steel components need CE marking to EN 1090-1 (execution to EN 1090-2) and ISO 3834 certification.
- Steel imports are subject to tariff-rate quotas (the steel safeguard expired on 30 Jun 2026; the EU proposed a successor regime with higher out-of-quota duties) – check the current status on Access2Markets.
Hải quan EU (Liên minh thuế quan) / EU customs union ↗ Tariff lookup ↗
Look up the importing country's duties, technical rules and procedures on the Global Trade Helpdesk (ITC/UNCTAD/WTO), Market Access Map (ITC) and WTO Tariff & Trade Data. Check Vietnam's FTAs with the importing country for preferential rates with valid proof of origin.
Global Trade Helpdesk ↗Market Access Map ↗WTO Tariff & Trade Data ↗
Sourcing from Vietnam
Buyers in Netherlands can find Vietnamese suppliers by industry, in the factory directory and at international exhibitions in Vietnam:
Structural Steel
Steel & Metal
Construction Materials
Machinery
Electrical Equipment
Electronics
HVAC
Automotive
Steel & steel structure manufacturing →International exhibitions in VietnamContact Vietnam duties on goods from Netherlands
Data: World Bank WDI (CC BY 4.0); mledoze/world-countries (ODbL); i18n-iso-countries (MIT); ISO 3166-2 – Debian iso-codes (LGPL); NGA World Port Index 2019; map @svg-maps/world (CC BY 4.0); flags flag-icons (MIT). For reference only.