Europe · Northern Europe
United Kingdom
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland · World’s #5 economy
- Nominal GDP 2025
- $4.00 trillion
- Population 2025
- 69.5 million
- GDP per capita
- $57,602
- GDP growth 2025
- 1.4%
Overview
- Official name
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- Capital
- London
- Region
- Europe · Northern Europe
- Area
- 242,900 km²
- Coordinates
- 54.00, -2.00
- Languages
- English
- Currency
- British pound (GBP £)
- Calling code · domain
- +44 · .uk
- ISO codes
- GB / GBR
- Borders
Ireland
Map
Demographics
Population69.5 million2025
Population growth0.30%2025
Urban population83.3%2025
Population density283.2 people/km²2023
Life expectancy81.4 years2024
Adult literacy—
Age structure (2025)
Macroeconomy
Nominal GDP$4.00 trillion2025
Real GDP growth1.4%2025
GDP per capita$57,6022025
GDP per capita (PPP)$62,0102024
GNI (PPP)$4.46 trillion2025
Inflation (CPI)3.9%2025
Unemployment4.7%2025
Industry, % of GDP16.5%2025
Exports, % of GDP30.6%2025
Imports, % of GDP31.9%2025
Merchandise exports$556 billion2025
Merchandise imports$949 billion2025
FDI net inflows$-12.96 billion2024
United Kingdom ranks #5 in the world by nominal GDP (2025). Full ranking →
Business environment & logistics (micro)
Logistics Performance Index3.70 / 52022
Import clearance time3.0 days2018
Total tax rate (% of profit)30.7%2017
Land area241,930 km²2023
The Logistics Performance Index (LPI) and import clearance time are published by the World Bank per survey round; total tax rate comes from the discontinued Doing Business data (2020).
Provinces, states & regions (221)
Country: 3 · Province: 1 · London borough: 32 · Metropolitan district: 36 · Unitary authority: 80 · Two-tier county: 25 · City corporation: 1 · District: 11 · Council area: 32
Show all 221 subdivisions
- England GB-ENG
- Northern Ireland GB-NIR
- Scotland GB-SCT
- Wales [Cymru GB-CYM] GB-WLS
- Barking and Dagenham GB-BDG
- Barnet GB-BNE
- Barnsley GB-BNS
- Bath and North East Somerset GB-BAS
- Bedford GB-BDF
- Bexley GB-BEX
- Birmingham GB-BIR
- Blackburn with Darwen GB-BBD
- Blackpool GB-BPL
- Bolton GB-BOL
- Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole GB-BCP
- Bracknell Forest GB-BRC
- Bradford GB-BRD
- Brent GB-BEN
- Brighton and Hove GB-BNH
- Bristol, City of GB-BST
- Bromley GB-BRY
- Buckinghamshire GB-BKM
- Bury GB-BUR
- Calderdale GB-CLD
- Cambridgeshire GB-CAM
- Camden GB-CMD
- Central Bedfordshire GB-CBF
- Cheshire East GB-CHE
- Cheshire West and Chester GB-CHW
- Cornwall GB-CON
- Coventry GB-COV
- Croydon GB-CRY
- Cumbria GB-CMA
- Darlington GB-DAL
- Derby GB-DER
- Derbyshire GB-DBY
- Devon GB-DEV
- Doncaster GB-DNC
- Dorset GB-DOR
- Dudley GB-DUD
- Durham, County GB-DUR
- Ealing GB-EAL
- East Riding of Yorkshire GB-ERY
- East Sussex GB-ESX
- Enfield GB-ENF
- Essex GB-ESS
- Gateshead GB-GAT
- Gloucestershire GB-GLS
- Greenwich GB-GRE
- Hackney GB-HCK
- Halton GB-HAL
- Hammersmith and Fulham GB-HMF
- Hampshire GB-HAM
- Haringey GB-HRY
- Harrow GB-HRW
- Hartlepool GB-HPL
- Havering GB-HAV
- Herefordshire GB-HEF
- Hertfordshire GB-HRT
- Hillingdon GB-HIL
- Hounslow GB-HNS
- Isle of Wight GB-IOW
- Isles of Scilly GB-IOS
- Islington GB-ISL
- Kensington and Chelsea GB-KEC
- Kent GB-KEN
- Kingston upon Hull GB-KHL
- Kingston upon Thames GB-KTT
- Kirklees GB-KIR
- Knowsley GB-KWL
- Lambeth GB-LBH
- Lancashire GB-LAN
- Leeds GB-LDS
- Leicester GB-LCE
- Leicestershire GB-LEC
- Lewisham GB-LEW
- Lincolnshire GB-LIN
- Liverpool GB-LIV
- London, City of GB-LND
- Luton GB-LUT
- Manchester GB-MAN
- Medway GB-MDW
- Merton GB-MRT
- Middlesbrough GB-MDB
- Milton Keynes GB-MIK
- Newcastle upon Tyne GB-NET
- Newham GB-NWM
- Norfolk GB-NFK
- North East Lincolnshire GB-NEL
- North Lincolnshire GB-NLN
- North Northamptonshire GB-NNH
- North Somerset GB-NSM
- North Tyneside GB-NTY
- North Yorkshire GB-NYK
- Northumberland GB-NBL
- Nottingham GB-NGM
- Nottinghamshire GB-NTT
- Oldham GB-OLD
- Oxfordshire GB-OXF
- Peterborough GB-PTE
- Plymouth GB-PLY
- Portsmouth GB-POR
- Reading GB-RDG
- Redbridge GB-RDB
- Redcar and Cleveland GB-RCC
- Richmond upon Thames GB-RIC
- Rochdale GB-RCH
- Rotherham GB-ROT
- Rutland GB-RUT
- Salford GB-SLF
- Sandwell GB-SAW
- Sefton GB-SFT
- Sheffield GB-SHF
- Shropshire GB-SHR
- Slough GB-SLG
- Solihull GB-SOL
- Somerset GB-SOM
- South Gloucestershire GB-SGC
- South Tyneside GB-STY
- Southampton GB-STH
- Southend-on-Sea GB-SOS
- Southwark GB-SWK
- St. Helens GB-SHN
- Staffordshire GB-STS
- Stockport GB-SKP
- Stockton-on-Tees GB-STT
- Stoke-on-Trent GB-STE
- Suffolk GB-SFK
- Sunderland GB-SND
- Surrey GB-SRY
- Sutton GB-STN
- Swindon GB-SWD
- Tameside GB-TAM
- Telford and Wrekin GB-TFW
- Thurrock GB-THR
- Torbay GB-TOB
- Tower Hamlets GB-TWH
- Trafford GB-TRF
- Wakefield GB-WKF
- Walsall GB-WLL
- Waltham Forest GB-WFT
- Wandsworth GB-WND
- Warrington GB-WRT
- Warwickshire GB-WAR
- West Berkshire GB-WBK
- West Northamptonshire GB-WNH
- West Sussex GB-WSX
- Westminster GB-WSM
- Wigan GB-WGN
- Wiltshire GB-WIL
- Windsor and Maidenhead GB-WNM
- Wirral GB-WRL
- Wokingham GB-WOK
- Wolverhampton GB-WLV
- Worcestershire GB-WOR
- York GB-YOR
- Antrim and Newtownabbey GB-ANN
- Ards and North Down GB-AND
- Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon GB-ABC
- Belfast City GB-BFS
- Causeway Coast and Glens GB-CCG
- Derry and Strabane GB-DRS
- Fermanagh and Omagh GB-FMO
- Lisburn and Castlereagh GB-LBC
- Mid and East Antrim GB-MEA
- Mid-Ulster GB-MUL
- Newry, Mourne and Down GB-NMD
- Aberdeen City GB-ABE
- Aberdeenshire GB-ABD
- Angus GB-ANS
- Argyll and Bute GB-AGB
- Clackmannanshire GB-CLK
- Dumfries and Galloway GB-DGY
- Dundee City GB-DND
- East Ayrshire GB-EAY
- East Dunbartonshire GB-EDU
- East Lothian GB-ELN
- East Renfrewshire GB-ERW
- Edinburgh, City of GB-EDH
- Eilean Siar GB-ELS
- Falkirk GB-FAL
- Fife GB-FIF
- Glasgow City GB-GLG
- Highland GB-HLD
- Inverclyde GB-IVC
- Midlothian GB-MLN
- Moray GB-MRY
- North Ayrshire GB-NAY
- North Lanarkshire GB-NLK
- Orkney Islands GB-ORK
- Perth and Kinross GB-PKN
- Renfrewshire GB-RFW
- Scottish Borders GB-SCB
- Shetland Islands GB-ZET
- South Ayrshire GB-SAY
- South Lanarkshire GB-SLK
- Stirling GB-STG
- West Dunbartonshire GB-WDU
- West Lothian GB-WLN
- Blaenau Gwent GB-BGW
- Bridgend [Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr GB-POG] GB-BGE
- Caerphilly [Caerffili GB-CAF] GB-CAY
- Cardiff [Caerdydd GB-CRD] GB-CRF
- Carmarthenshire [Sir Gaerfyrddin GB-GFY] GB-CMN
- Ceredigion [Sir Ceredigion] GB-CGN
- Conwy GB-CWY
- Denbighshire [Sir Ddinbych GB-DDB] GB-DEN
- Flintshire [Sir y Fflint GB-FFL] GB-FLN
- Gwynedd GB-GWN
- Isle of Anglesey [Sir Ynys Môn GB-YNM] GB-AGY
- Merthyr Tydfil [Merthyr Tudful GB-MTU] GB-MTY
- Monmouthshire [Sir Fynwy GB-FYN] GB-MON
- Neath Port Talbot [Castell-nedd Port Talbot GB-CTL] GB-NTL
- Newport [Casnewydd GB-CNW] GB-NWP
- Pembrokeshire [Sir Benfro GB-BNF] GB-PEM
- Powys GB-POW
- Rhondda Cynon Taff [Rhondda CynonTaf] GB-RCT
- Swansea [Abertawe GB-ATA] GB-SWA
- Torfaen [Tor-faen] GB-TOF
- Vale of Glamorgan, The [Bro Morgannwg GB-BMG] GB-VGL
- Wrexham [Wrecsam GB-WRC] GB-WRX
Source: ISO 3166-2 (Debian iso-codes)
Seaports & logistics
| Port | Harbour size | Harbour type | Cargo pier depth | TEU |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Southampton GBSOU | Large | river (basins) | 14.0 m | — |
| Teesport GBTEE | Large | river (tide gates) | 14.0 m | — |
| Liverpool GBLIV | Large | river (tide gates) | 12.5 m | — |
| Belfast GBBEL | Large | river (basins) | 11.2 m | — |
| Dundee GBDUN | Large | river (basins) | 9.5 m | — |
| London GBLON | Large | river (basins) | 7.9 m | — |
| Manchester GBMNC | Large | river (tide gates) | 4.9 m | — |
| Bristol GBBRS | Medium | river (tide gates) | 14.0 m | — |
| Falmouth Harbour GBFAL | Medium | coastal (natural) | 14.0 m | — |
| Greenock GBGRK | Medium | coastal (natural) | 12.6 m | — |
| Immingham GBIMM | Medium | river (tide gates) | 12.5 m | — |
| Lerwick GBLER | Medium | coastal (natural) | 12.5 m | — |
186 ports of this country in the World Port Index, ranked by scale (container throughput, harbour size, depth).
FTAs & trade blocs
Vietnam and United Kingdom share 2 FTA(s) – goods meeting the rules of origin enjoy preferential duties:
- UKVFTA – UK–Viet Nam Free Trade Agreement
- CPTPP – Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership
Bloc membership
Membership compiled as of October 2026 (full members); check each bloc’s official site for legal precision.
Trade agreements in force (43)
United Kingdom is party to 43 regional/bilateral trade agreements in force (per the WTO). Agreements with a “Preferential rates” button are FTAs that Vietnam is also party to.
| Agreement | Type / coverage | In force | Partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom - India | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
15 Jul 2026 |  India |
| CPTPP - Accession of the United Kingdom Preferential rates | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
15 Dec 2024 |           +1 |
| United Kingdom - Australia | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
31 May 2023 | Australia |
| United Kingdom - New Zealand | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
31 May 2023 | New Zealand |
| United Kingdom - Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Dec 2021 |    Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway |
| United Kingdom - Mexico | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jun 2021 | Mexico |
| United Kingdom - Serbia | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
20 May 2021 |  Serbia |
| United Kingdom - Albania | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
3 May 2021 |  Albania |
| United Kingdom - Jordan | FTA Goods |
1 May 2021 |  Jordan |
| United Kingdom - Ghana | FTA Goods |
5 Mar 2021 |  Ghana |
| EU - United Kingdom | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jan 2021 |           +17 |
| United Kingdom - CARIFORUM States | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jan 2021 |           +5 |
| United Kingdom - Cameroon | FTA Goods |
1 Jan 2021 |  Cameroon |
| United Kingdom - Canada | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jan 2021 | Canada |
| United Kingdom - Central America | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jan 2021 |       |
| United Kingdom - Chile | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jan 2021 | Chile |
| United Kingdom - Colombia, Ecuador and Peru | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jan 2021 |   Colombia, Ecuador, Peru |
| United Kingdom - Côte d'Ivoire | FTA Goods |
1 Jan 2021 |  Ivory Coast |
| United Kingdom - Eastern and Southern Africa States | FTA Goods |
1 Jan 2021 |    Mauritius, Seychelles, Zimbabwe |
| United Kingdom - Egypt | FTA Goods |
1 Jan 2021 |  Egypt |
| United Kingdom - Faroe Islands | FTA Goods |
1 Jan 2021 |  Faroe Islands |
| United Kingdom - Georgia | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jan 2021 |  Georgia |
| United Kingdom - Israel | FTA Goods |
1 Jan 2021 |  Israel |
| United Kingdom - Japan | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jan 2021 | Japan |
| United Kingdom - Kenya | FTA Goods |
1 Jan 2021 |  Kenya |
| United Kingdom - Korea, Republic of | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jan 2021 |  South Korea |
| United Kingdom - Kosovo | FTA Goods |
1 Jan 2021 |  Kosovo |
| United Kingdom - Lebanon | FTA Goods |
1 Jan 2021 |  Lebanon |
| United Kingdom - Moldova, Republic of | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jan 2021 |  Moldova |
| United Kingdom - Morocco | FTA Goods |
1 Jan 2021 |  Morocco |
| United Kingdom - North Macedonia | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jan 2021 |  North Macedonia |
| United Kingdom - Pacific States | FTA Goods |
1 Jan 2021 |     |
| United Kingdom - Pacific States - Accession of Samoa | FTA Goods |
1 Jan 2021 | Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa |
| United Kingdom - Pacific States - Accession of Solomon Islands | FTA Goods |
1 Jan 2021 | Solomon Islands, Fiji, Papua New Guinea |
| United Kingdom - Palestine | FTA Goods |
1 Jan 2021 |  Palestine |
| United Kingdom - SACU and Mozambique | FTA Goods |
1 Jan 2021 |       |
| United Kingdom - Singapore | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jan 2021 | Singapore |
| United Kingdom - Switzerland - Liechtenstein | FTA Goods |
1 Jan 2021 |  Liechtenstein, Switzerland |
| United Kingdom - Tunisia | FTA Goods |
1 Jan 2021 |  Tunisia |
| United Kingdom - Türkiye | FTA Goods |
1 Jan 2021 |  Türkiye |
| United Kingdom - Ukraine | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jan 2021 |  Ukraine |
| United Kingdom - Viet Nam Preferential rates | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jan 2021 |  Vietnam |
| Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) Preferential rates | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
30 Dec 2018 | +1 |
Source: WTO Regional Trade Agreements Database (retrieved 14 Oct 2026) plus additional agreements maintained by the administrator. Lists agreements notified to the WTO and in force.
Import regulations
- UKVFTA and CPTPP (UK member since 15 Dec 2024) preferences for Vietnamese goods meeting origin rules.
- Check construction-product marking (UKCA/CE) and UK steel trade remedies on the UK Trade Tariff.
HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) ↗ Tariff lookup ↗
Look up the importing country's duties, technical rules and procedures on the Global Trade Helpdesk (ITC/UNCTAD/WTO), Market Access Map (ITC) and WTO Tariff & Trade Data. Check Vietnam's FTAs with the importing country for preferential rates with valid proof of origin.
Global Trade Helpdesk ↗Market Access Map ↗WTO Tariff & Trade Data ↗
Sourcing from Vietnam
Buyers in United Kingdom can find Vietnamese suppliers by industry, in the factory directory and at international exhibitions in Vietnam:
Structural Steel
Steel & Metal
Construction Materials
Machinery
Electrical Equipment
Electronics
HVAC
Automotive
Steel & steel structure manufacturing →International exhibitions in VietnamContact Vietnam duties on goods from United Kingdom
Data: World Bank WDI (CC BY 4.0); mledoze/world-countries (ODbL); i18n-iso-countries (MIT); ISO 3166-2 – Debian iso-codes (LGPL); NGA World Port Index 2019; map @svg-maps/world (CC BY 4.0); flags flag-icons (MIT). For reference only.